2024-03-29T08:16:07Z
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/oai
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/4
2024-03-14T17:27:27Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/4
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 69-75
Macabre Humour: An Acceptable Defence Mechanism in Critical Care?
research-article
Fortin, Alexandra; Programmes de bioéthique, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
Dupras, Charles; Centre de recherche en éthique (CRÉ); Centre de génomique et politiques (CGP), Centre d'innovation Génome Québec Université McGill
2018-10-20 06:31:36
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/4
fr
Health care professionals assigned to critical care (emergency, intensive care, reanimation) are confronted on a daily basis with particularly trying situations. Their hard work conditions can become anxiety-provoking, affect their physical and/or psychological condition, decrease their performance and increase their absenteeism rate at work. To face this particularly stressful and sometimes depressing context, some professionals fall back on “gallows humour”, a sort of black humour with a morbid overtone, which is likely to shock certain people. Although gallows humour is very widespread, its use in critical care is extremely controversial and most of the time reprimanded by professional orders. Based on the codes of ethics that govern them, professional orders assume that gallows humour violates the duties and responsibilities of their members towards their patients, rejecting its use straightaway. In this article, we contest the categorical rejection of gallows humour in critical care. We adopt a consequentialist perspective based on the study of scientific literature on the benefits of using humour in the workplace, to defend its ethical acceptability. By enabling us to be better prepared to provide care despite the tragic events experienced by professionals, we will see how the use of gallows humour can ultimately have a positive effect on patients. A consequentialist ethics is not only interested in maximizing the benefits of gallows humour but also in reducing the risk of harm to others related to its use. This important criterion will therefore lead us to define the terms and suggest certain conditions that must be respected for an ethical use of this important defense mechanism by health care professionals in critical care.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/11
2024-03-14T17:28:15Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/11
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 4-7
Ethical Challenges Faced by Development Researchers in Low and Middle-Income Countries
editorial
Nayfeh, Ayah; International Development Research Centre, Ottawa; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Charron, Dominique; International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/11
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/12
2024-03-14T17:28:14Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/12
2024-03-14T17:28:14Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 8-16
The Case for Local Ethics Oversight in International Development Research
research-article
Cochrane, Logan; Banting Fellow, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Boulanger, Renaud F.; Research ethicist, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
Sheikheldin, Gussai H; Research Fellow, Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research Organization, Tanzania
Song, Gloria; Policy Analyst, Polar Knowledge Canada
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/12
This paper argues that international development research should be submitted to the oversight of research ethics committees from the countries where data will be collected. This includes research conducted by individuals who may fall outside the jurisdictions of most ethics guidelines or policies, such as individuals contracted by non-governmental organizations. The argument is grounded in an understanding of social justice that recognizes that not seeking local ethics approval can be an affront to the decolonization movement, and may lead to significant direct harms to participants. Local ethics oversight can help ensure projects appropriately take into consideration local laws, regulations, priorities and context. For example, a local research ethics committee may be in a better position than a foreign one to assess whether any given proposed project carries context-specific risks. In addition, submitting to a local research ethics committee is to acknowledge the legitimacy of local authorities, thereby taking a stance against the history of colonizing disempowerment. Local oversight is a mechanism to increase the accountability of researchers working abroad: if respect for local authority and tailoring to local context are to be upheld, there must be mechanisms to ensure that research that does not meet these requirements does not proceed. Objections based on the limited oversight capacity in some countries and on concerns related to the politicization of the review process are discussed. Finally, the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders in the implementation of greater local ethics oversight are laid out.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/15
2024-03-14T17:28:13Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/15
2024-03-14T17:28:13Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 17-20
Guyana - How Do You Know Where to Get the Information You Need? Determining Ethics Approval Requirements in a Developing Country
case-report
Song, Gloria; Policy Analyst, Polar Knowledge Canada; Formerly affiliated with the Governance and Justice program, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/15
Determining the process for obtaining local research ethics approval, or whether such a requirement even exists, may not always be straightforward in the context of some developing countries where such information may not be easily accessible to overseas researchers. How far do a researcher's ethical obligations extend in determining whether there is a requirement for local research ethics approval, and what form this would take (e.g., institutional or centralised ethics review)? In other words, how far should a researcher be expected to go in seeking out local ethics approval, especially where such information is not readily available? As part of this discussion, this case study describes the steps that I took as the principal researcher, before I was able to reasonably conclude that no national ethics approval requirement existed in Guyana for my particular research, which involved interviewing justice service providers about the implementation of Guyana's Domestic Violence Act. Drawing on this experience, I discuss various considerations that an international development researcher should bear in mind when planning and conducting research that seeks to meet leading international norms of research ethics.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/16
2024-03-14T17:28:13Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/16
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 21-23
Responsible Access to Data in International Field Research: A Case Study from Tanzania
case-report
Sheikheldin, Gussai H; Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research Organization (STIPRO), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/16
This case study illustrates the author's narrative of his experience obtaining local research ethics approval in Tanzania. It highlights the additional requirements a foreign researcher in Tanzania can encounter with visa approval which is a separate process from research ethics approval. While fulfilling the visa requirements may not be directly related to the ethical administration of research per se, it is part of the responsible conduct of research (RCR) which, among others, includes respect for the local laws and procedures of the host country. The narrative shows that a responsible access to field data in such cases requires fulfilling two separate but complimentary processes: local research ethics review and proper visa attainment. Further, an example of an 'irresponsible' access to data is also presented for comparison and examination of the consequences.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/17
2024-03-14T17:28:13Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/17
2024-03-14T17:28:13Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 24-27
Nepal Health Research Council Paves Path to Ethical Research Processes
case-report
Neupane, Sunisha; École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
Sinha, Chaitali; International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/17
This case study outlines an ethics approval process experienced during a maternal health research project in Nepal. The Government of Nepal established the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) in 1991, along with the Scientific and Ethics Committee reviewing health related research. However, not all researchers apply for ethics approval. Although researchers may claim a lack of clarity on the kinds of research studies needing approval, the authors argue that the guidelines are sufficiently clear if explored and duly followed. The inconsistencies in seeking ethics approval from NHRC could simply mean that researchers are not aware of this ethical review process. Perhaps the guidelines are not strictly enforced. Nevertheless, as researchers it is our responsibility to seek ethical approval as a matter of principle, without considering it a barrier to research.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/18
2024-03-14T17:28:12Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/18
2024-03-14T17:28:12Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 43-45
Ethical Issues Related to Positionality and Reverse Asymmetry in International Development Research: Experiences in Researching South Asian Philanthropy
case-report
Kulendrarajah, Nirojan; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/18
The role of asymmetry and positionality of the researcher-research participant relationship is important for research ethics in international development. However, discourse should take into account instances where 'reverse asymmetry' may exist, and consider developing different strategies and concerns for researchers to consider in this context.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/19
2024-03-14T17:28:12Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/19
2024-03-14T17:28:12Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 40-42
Consent Documentation and the Accessibility of Research Results in International Development Research
case-report
Malich, Erika; 2016 Research Award Recipient, Think Tank Initiative, International Development Research Centre
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/19
This case study touches on issues that may arise in international development research, with reflections based on experiences conducting research in Peru. The two issues to be discussed are that of cultural differences in the consent documentation process, and ensuring that the benefits of research flow back to research participants.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/21
2024-03-14T17:28:11Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/21
2024-03-14T17:28:11Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 37-39
Being Ethical in a Context with Limited Ethics Oversight: A Study on Flooding Risk Management by Local Governments in India
case-report
Subramanyam, Nidhi; Department of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, USA
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/21
This case describes and reflects on ethical questions that we faced as we obtained permission to conduct research on local government policy implementation processes in India, which has no legal guidelines or REBs for ethical oversight of social science research. We focus on questions of voluntary consent and exposure to unintended risks, where, in this case, staff in local governments might feel coerced to participate based on the institutional permission to conduct research granted by their superiors.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/22
2024-03-14T17:28:11Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/22
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 34-36
Ethical Evaluation and Action Research: Toward New North-South Research Collaborations?
case-report
Feagan, Mathieu; Postdoctoral Research Associate, Urban Resilience to Extremes Sustainability Research Network, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/22
This case study examines the author's experience gaining ethics approval for an action research project, to build capacity for new North-South research collaborations among graduate students trained in health and environment. It is argued that the ethics review process and action research framework seem to talk past each other. While the former may reinforce the divide between researchers and researched communities, potentially exacerbating North-South power asymmetries, the latter may presume that such asymmetries are overcome too easily through the good intentions of northern researchers, rather than through the work of southern actors to take back power. Considerations are offered for more realistic approaches to ethical North-South research collaborations.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/23
2024-03-14T17:28:11Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/23
2024-03-14T17:28:11Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 31-33
Ethiopia: Obtaining Ethics Approval and the Role of Social Capital
case-report
Cochrane, Logan; Banting Fellow, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/23
Ethiopia has a research ethics review system, yet few international researchers obtain approval outside of health studies that involve biological samples or medical testing. This case study outlines three types of ethics approvals in Ethiopia, and which research projects are suitable to them. In outlining these processes, I also reflect upon my own experience of obtaining ethics approval. The questions raised in this case study include concerns about accountability for international researchers as well as areas where universities and ethics bodies could improve their facilitation and support to ensure that the research conducted is approved by national authorities. I critically reflect on the role of social capital and relationships, which in my own case enabled access to information about where ethics approval could be obtained and provided significant support throughout the process. For this case study, I dawn upon my experience of applying for ethics approval in 2014, having that approval granted in 2015 and conducting research until 2016.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/24
2024-03-14T17:28:10Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/24
2024-03-14T17:28:10Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 28-30
Seeking Ethics Approval in Colombia: A Health Systems Research Case Study
case-report
Rivillas, Juan Carlos; Maternal and Child Health Program (MCH), International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada
Ingabire, Marie-Gloriose; Maternal and Child Health Program (MCH), International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/24
There is no single institution responsible for research ethics in health sciences in Colombia and there is no specific procedure for securing research ethics approval in the country. However, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection's resolution on health research provides guidance on key ethical considerations in health research and indicates which institutions in Colombia could provide ethics approval. Ethics approval has to be provided either by the researcher's institution of affiliation, the institution in which the research will be conducted, or the health authority responsible for the communities participating in the project. Despite this guidance, our experience with a health systems research project showed that the implementation and practice of research ethics vary between institutions. Attention should be given to ensuring effective implementation of the ethics approval process.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/25
2024-03-14T17:27:32Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/25
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 1-17
Mitochondrial/Nuclear Transfer: A Literature Review of the Ethical, Legal and Social Issues
research-article
Dupras-Leduc, Raphaëlle; Bioethics Program, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada
Birko, Stanislav; Bioethics Program, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada
Ravitsky, Vardit; Bioethics Program, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada
2018-02-23 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/25
Mitochondrial/nuclear transfer (M/NT) to avoid the transmission of serious mitochondrial disease raises complex and challenging ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI). In February 2015, the United Kingdom became the first country in the world to legalize M/NT, making the heated debate surrounding this technology even more relevant. This critical interpretive review identified 95 relevant papers discussing the ELSI of M/NT, including original research articles, government-commissioned reports, editorials, letters to editors and research news. The review presents and synthesizes the arguments present in the literature in relation to the most commonly raised themes: terminology; identity, relationships and parenthood; potential harm; reproductive autonomy; available alternatives; consent; impact on specific interest groups; resources; “slippery slope”; creation, use and destruction of human embryos; and beneficence. The review concludes by identifying those ELSI that are specific to M/NT and by calling for follow-up longitudinal clinical and psychosocial research in order to equip future ELSI debate with empirical evidence.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/26
2024-03-14T17:27:32Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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2024-03-14T17:27:32Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 18-21
Beyond Empathy: Teaching Alterity
research-article
Burcher, Paul; Program Director, Wellspan York Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency, York, Pennsylvania; Associate Professor of Bioethics, Alden March Bioethics Institute, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
2018-02-23 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/26
Clinical empathy has been increasingly recognized as an important component of both professionalism and good patient care. It is generally understood as identifying commonality between patient and provider and responding to this shared experience with appropriate care and concern. However, many clinical encounters are between strangers with little shared experience, which seems to present a challenge for both empathy and a sense of responsibility toward the patient. Physicians can also develop a deep sense of caring and responsibility by learning to appreciate the alterity, the otherness, of the patient, and this skill, like clinical empathy can be modeled and taught. Philosopher Emmanuel Levinas described respect for alterity as foundational to human relationships. That is, my primary experience in meeting other people is one of difference, not an immediate sense of similarity. This sense of difference is both superficial and profound, although in most cases we will recognize only the superficial. Recognizing the profundity of difference opens one up to a radical sense of alterity that is the source of ethics, including our responsibility to the other. By exploring Levinas’ descriptions of human responsibility, humans as infinite and unique, and the consequences of this philosophy for the clinical encounter, it is evident that respect for alterity represents an underappreciated source of human caring, accessible in clinical relationships, even between a patient and physician with radically different life experiences. The implications of this for medical education are that we must help students appreciate and respect both the commonality we share with our patients, and the differences that makes them special and worthy of our care and attention.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/30
2024-03-14T17:27:32Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/30
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 24-25
Publication and Collaboration with the Funder of a Research Contract
case-report
Ridde, Valéry; Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, équipe SAGESUD, Paris, France; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
2018-02-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/30
This global health case study uncovers the ethical issues associated with scientific signature in the context of a research contract awarded by an international organization.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/31
2024-03-14T17:27:30Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/31
2024-03-14T17:27:30Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 37-38
La gestion des conflits d'intérêt dans un jury de thèse de doctorat
case-report
Ridde, Valéry; Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, équipe SAGESUD, Paris, France; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
2018-03-01 12:46:20
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/31
A researcher or university professor is often required to be a member of a thesis jury. This is part of their scientific activities. However, in an increasingly specialized academic world, it is sometimes difficult to create a thesis jury without being confronted with conflicts of interest between the members and the supervisory team. While in recent years some universities have organized processes to manage these conflicts, others have not yet decided. This case study adapts several real-life situations to show the challenges of such conflict of interest management in setting up a doctoral thesis jury.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/32
2024-03-14T17:27:31Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/32
2024-03-14T17:27:31Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 22-23
Using Research Data Without Your Consent in a Global Health Partnership
case-report
Ridde, Valéry; Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, équipe SAGESUD, Paris, France; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montréal, Canada
2018-02-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/32
Global health research is most often spent in a context of international collaboration, particularly North-South. The particular context of this type of partnership (power, money, distance, norms, training, etc.) can lead to important issues in the use of the data collected. This case study enables the reader to reflect on this particular issue and the actions that could be taken to deal with it.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/33
2024-03-14T17:27:31Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/33
2024-03-14T17:27:31Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 26-36
From the Middle Ages to the 21st Century. Abortion, Assisted Reproduction Technologies and LGBT Rights in Argentina
research-article
Luna, Florencia; Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
2018-02-28 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/33
Despite "progressive" legislative changes concerning the LGBT collective and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in Argentina, women and their sexual and reproductive rights have been overlooked. This article presents a critical perspective of some of these legislative modifications in the country. It addresses why some legislators and society are prepared to challenge a conservative or traditional approach for certain groups while ignoring others. Several factors are at play. There is no all-inclusive explanation. I stress that a striking double standard prevails in Argentina with respect to women and their sexual and reproductive rights. I also contend that powerful discrimination exists, in particular against poor women, who continue to suffer and are "punished" by the criminalization of abortion.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/43
2024-03-14T17:27:28Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/43
2024-03-14T17:27:28Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 48-58
An Alternative to Medical Assistance in Dying? The Legal Status of Voluntary Stopping Eating and Drinking (VSED)
research-article
Downie, Jocelyn; Faculties of Law and Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
2018-05-30 12:08:24
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/43
Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) has received considerable attention from many in the field of bioethics. Philosophers, theologians, lawyers, and clinicians of all sorts have engaged with many challenging aspects of this issue. Public debate, public policy, and the law have been enhanced by the varied disciplinary analyses. With the legalization of MAiD in Canada, some attention is now being turned to issues that have historically been overshadowed by the debate about whether to permit MAiD. One such issue is voluntary stopping eating and drinking (VSED) as an alternative to MAiD. In this paper, I will apply a legal lens to the issue. An understanding of whether VSED is legal provides a foundation for ethical reflection on whether it ought to be permitted. Is it permitted for those who prefer VSED to MAiD? Is it permitted for those who do not qualify for MAiD under our current legislation – for those who do not have a grievous and irremediable medical condition, for mature minors, for individuals whose sole underlying medical condition is a mental disorder and who do not otherwise meet the eligibility criteria, and for individuals who have lost capacity but had completed an advance directive?
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/46
2024-03-14T17:27:29Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/46
2024-03-14T17:27:29Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 41-43
Sharing and Building Teaching Capacity in the South: The Ethical Challenges of Copyright
case-report
Ridde, Valéry; Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, équipe SAGESUD, Paris, France; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
2018-04-24 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/46
In the field of international cooperation, particularly in global health, educators from the North have for a long time been visiting institutions in the South to help build the capacities of their colleagues. Thus, it often happens that educator-researchers from the North and the South collaborate to prepare research or training, often with the aim that these processes allow the former to share their specific expertise with the latter. In this particular context, often marked by issues of power and access to resources, there are ethical and deontological challenges. In this fictional case study, based on real-world experiences, I highlight, among other things, the copyright issues associated with the production of research protocols or educational materials in this collaborative context for capacity building.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/47
2024-03-14T17:28:10Z
cjb-rcb:Ed
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/47
2024-03-14T17:28:10Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Ethics and International Development Research; 1-3
Launch of the Canadian Journal of Bioethics/Lancement de la Revue canadienne de bioéthique
editorial
Williams-Jones, Bryn; Editor-in-chief
Dupras, Charles; Executive editor
Couture, Vincent; Executive editor
Boulanger, Renaud; Executive editor
2018-02-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/47
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/48
2024-03-14T17:26:26Z
cjb-rcb:COM
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/48
2024-03-14T17:26:26Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 82-89
Why Choose to Work in Private Occupational Therapy? Reflecting on the Motivations for Occupational Therapists to enter Private Practice and the Ethical Implications
article-commentary
Drolet, Marie-Josée; Département d’ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
Pinard, Chantal; Département d’ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
Gaudet, Rébecca; Département d’ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/48
The choice of a profession, a specialty within this profession as well as the public or private sector of practice is based on values and various other considerations, which vary depending on the individuals and their context. This commentary reflects on the motivations that drive occupational therapists to opt for private (for-profit) practice and the ethical implications.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/49
2024-03-14T17:25:11Z
cjb-rcb:ART
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/49
2024-03-14T17:25:11Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 23-35
Stigmatisation, Exaggeration, and Contradiction: An Analysis of Scientific and Clinical Content in Canadian Print Media Discourse About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
research-article
Aspler, John; Neuroethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Zizzo, Natalie; Neuroethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal; Biomedical Ethics Unit, Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Bell, Emily; Neuroethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Di Pietro, Nina; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Douglas College, New Westminster, Canada
Racine, Eric; Neuroethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal; Department of Medicine and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2019-03-19 11:20:15
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/49
en
Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a complex diagnosis that includes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disabilities, results from exposure to alcohol in the womb. FASD remains poorly understood by Canadians, which could contribute to reported stigma faced by both people with FASD and women who drink alcohol while pregnant.
Methods: To better understand how information about FASD is presented in the public sphere, we conducted content analysis of 286 articles from ten major English-language Canadian newspapers (2002-2015). We used inductive coding to derive a coding guide from the data, and then iteratively applied identified codes back onto the sample, checking inter-coder reliability.
Results: We identified six major themes related to clinical and scientific media content: 1) prevalence of FASD and of women’s alcohol consumption; 2) research related to FASD; 3) diagnosis of FASD; 4) treatment of FASD and maternal substance abuse; 5) primary disabilities associated with FASD; and 6) effects of alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
Discussion: Across these six themes, we discuss three instances of ethically consequential exaggeration and misrepresentation: 1) exaggeration about FASD rates in Indigenous communities; 2) contradiction between articles about the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure; and 3) scientifically accurate information that neglects the social context of alcohol use and abuse by women. Respectively, these representations could lead to harmful stereotyped beliefs about Indigenous peoples, might generate confusion about healthy choices during pregnancy, and may unhelpfully inflame debates about sensitive issues surrounding women’s choices.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/50
2024-03-14T17:27:30Z
cjb-rcb:Cases
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/50
2024-03-14T17:27:30Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 39-40
Use of Secondary Data and Scientific Authorship during the Evaluation of a Global Health Intervention
case-report
Ridde, Valéry; Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, équipe SAGESUD, Paris, France; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
2018-03-08 10:05:11
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/50
In the area of global health, international donors fund many interventions that they want to be effective. They sometimes fund external evaluations, most often conducted by northern researchers, to demonstrate effectiveness. In addition, there are multiple databases, often collected by researchers from the South, useful for this type of study. But the multiplicity of actors, collaborations, issues and potential conflicts of interest pose significant challenges in terms of the use of secondary data and the scientific authorship of publications that may result. This case study offers some thought in this regard.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/53
2024-03-14T17:25:13Z
cjb-rcb:COM
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/53
2024-03-14T17:25:13Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 11-14
Vulnerability of Pregnant Women in Research Ethics: A Semantic Problem
article-commentary
Abtroun, Sihem Neïla; Programmes de bioéthique, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
2019-03-12 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/53
This commentary explores the notion of vulnerability applied to pregnant women in clinical research. The use of this notion, related to a semantic problem, raises an ethical issue and participates in the quasi-systematic exclusion of this sub-population from the research process.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/54
2024-03-14T17:27:27Z
cjb-rcb:RESP
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/54
2024-03-14T17:27:27Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 67-68
Democracy, Effective Referral, and the Instrumentalization of Patients
reply
Platt, Elyse; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
2018-10-05 10:31:54
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/54
Philosophers such as Roger Trigg have taken issue with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario policy on effective referral arguing that it is an example of a culture of consumerism in medicine. In this paper, I take issue with this position and instead argue that physicians who fail to effective refer are instead misusing their power as gatekeepers to healthcare.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/58
2024-03-14T17:26:26Z
cjb-rcb:ART
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/58
2024-03-14T17:26:26Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 49-60
Prioritization of Referrals in Outpatient Physiotherapy Departments in Québec and Implications for Equity in Access
research-article
Deslauriers, Simon; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS); Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
Raymond, Marie-Hélène; École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal; Greater Montreal Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Research Centre (CRIR), Quebec, Canada
Laliberté, Maude; École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal; Greater Montreal Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Research Centre (CRIR); Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Quebec, Canada
Hudon, Anne; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo; Faculty of Law, Civil Law Section, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Desmeules, François; École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Quebec, Canada
Feldman, Debbie E.; École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal; Greater Montreal Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Research Centre (CRIR); Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Quebec, Canada
Perreault, Kadija; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS); Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/58
In the context of long waiting time to access rehabilitation services, a large majority of settings use referral prioritization to help manage waiting lists. Prioritization practices vary greatly between settings and there is little consensus on how best to prioritize referrals. This paper describes the prioritization processes for physiotherapy services in Québec and its potential implications in terms of equity in access to services. This is a secondary analysis of a survey of outpatient physiotherapy departments (n=98; proportion of participation was 99%) conducted in 2015 across publicly funded hospitals in Québec. In many settings, persons with acute orthopaedic conditions were prioritized while chronic conditions were given a lower priority. There were 72 different combinations of prioritization criteria used in outpatient physiotherapy departments. Variability was also observed in the type of personnel involved in the prioritization process, the number of priority levels used to rank the referrals and the source of information used to prioritize referrals. These results highlight potential issues regarding equity in access to physiotherapy services: the prioritization of persons with acute conditions to the detriment of those with chronic conditions, the lack of consensus on a fair prioritization process and the importance to adequately assess patients’ needs for treatment. Further research and interventions on prioritization criteria and processes are needed to ensure equitable access to physiotherapy services, especially in the public sector.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/59
2024-03-14T17:26:26Z
cjb-rcb:ART
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/59
2024-03-14T17:26:26Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 35-48
Sexuality in Rehabilitation: Supporting Canadian Practitioners Conceptually Towards Client Enablement
research-article
Reel, Kevin; Joint Centre for Bioethics and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Davidson, Sylvia; Professional Practice Chief, Occupational Therapy, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/59
This article explores the many dimensions of sex which result in very strong moral and ethical responses. In support of practitioners who wish to feel more comfortable and competent discussing sexual matters, the article then introduces a hybrid conceptual model of practice. Combining one model originally from sexology and another from occupational therapy, the Ex-PLISSIT Enablement Model offers a flexible, progressively-staged framework to guide practitioners toward a plan to better understand and work within their own scope while also assessing if clients are ready and willing to engage with the subject to varying degrees.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/63
2024-03-14T17:27:29Z
cjb-rcb:CRE
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/63
2024-03-14T17:27:29Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 44-47
Haiku, Spiritual Exercises, and Bioethics
other
Dwyer, James; Center for Bioethics and Humanities, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
2018-04-25 08:28:30
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/63
en
Pierre Hadot has discussed the deep connections between ancient Western philosophy and spiritual exercises. The author appreciates these connections, but he explains why he explored a different path. He began to write haiku as a form of spiritual practice. He wanted to use these short verses to become more mindful, present, and responsive – in his life and in his work in bioethics. After comparing traditional haiku and modern haiku, the author gives some examples from classical sources. Then he considers how reading and writing haiku might help bioethics to focus less on deliberation and choice, and more on attention and perception. Haiku might help bioethics to attend to the contexts, life conditions, and lifeworlds that shape and situate people’s lives. These short poems might even illuminate some of the backgrounds and existential grounds of ethical life. At the end, the author presents some haiku that he wrote about modern life, young children, older adults, illness, medicine, and death.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/64
2024-03-14T17:27:27Z
cjb-rcb:COM
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/64
2024-03-14T17:27:27Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 63-66
More Than a Biological Condition: The Heteronormative Framing of Infertility
article-commentary
Maxwell, Erika; Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Mathews, Maria; Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Mulay, Shree; Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
2018-07-11 09:33:25
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/64
Infertility is often framed from the perspective of heterosexual couples, the dominant patient group using reproductive technologies. However, there are many types of patients availing of fertility treatments and those patients are often overlooked in policy, planning, service provision, and research. This commentary demonstrates the need for further research into LGBT subgroups, who frequently fall outside of infertility discourses, and are therefore especially disadvantaged by current policy and fertility service structures.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/65
2024-03-14T17:27:24Z
cjb-rcb:COM
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/65
2024-03-14T17:27:24Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 84-88
Beyond Mandatory Bureaucracy: How to Work Well with Research Ethics Committees
article-commentary
Bousquet, Marie-Pierre; Département d’anthropologie, Faculté des arts et sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Williams-Jones, Bryn; Programmes de bioéthique, École de santé publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
2018-11-05 03:10:12
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/65
University research ethics boards (REBs), although well established in North American since the 1980s, sometimes still have a poor reputation among researchers. They may be seen by members of the academic community as a bureaucratic system designed to prevent or slow down research, and one that does not understand the reality of researchers. This negative view is often the result of misunderstanding by 1) researchers and 2) some REBs about what an REB’s mandate is and how it should work. Based on the experience of an REB President and a bioethicist, this series of Frequently Asked Questions aims to demystify research ethics so that researchers and REBs can collaborate in the advancement of knowledge, while ensuring the ethical and responsible conduct of research.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/66
2024-03-14T17:26:25Z
cjb-rcb:ART
driver
v2
https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/66
2024-03-14T17:26:25Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 9-21
Ethical Issues in Rehabilitation. A Review of the Conceptualization of Ethical Notions
research-article
Goulet, Marie
Drolet, Marie-Josée
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/66
In rehabilitation, there is a growing interest in ethics. That said, few meta-ethical reflections have been conducted to date. Therefore, a review and critical analysis of the use of the concept of “ethical issue” is warranted. To this end, a systematic and critical review of the literature discussing ethical issues in rehabilitation was conducted. This review, based on the method developed by McCullough and colleagues, identified and analyzed 80 articles. Several characteristics and gaps in the conceptualization of the ethical issue concept were noted. Three main findings emerge from the study: 1) the corpus of texts studied is dominated by descriptive ethics; 2) ethical conceptualisation is marginal, in that ethical concepts are generally stated without being defined; and 3) the corpus is characterized by the use of amalgams and by the multiplication of imprecise ethical concepts that are often used as synonyms while referring to distinct phenomena. These conceptual gaps create conceptual confusion and imprecision that can undermine ethics research, teaching and clinical ethics, and discredit the discipline of ethics.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/67
2024-03-14T17:26:24Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/67
2024-03-14T17:26:24Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 22-34
Supporting, Promoting, Respecting and Advocating: A Scoping Study of Rehabilitation Professionals’ Responses to Patient Autonomy
research-article
Blackburn, Emilie; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Montreal, Canada
Durocher, Evelyne; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Feldman, Debbie; School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR); Public Health Research Institute of the Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
Hudon, Anne; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo; Faculty of Law, Civil Law Section, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Laliberté, Maude; School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR); Public Health Research Institute of the Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
Mazer, Barbara; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Montreal, Canada
Hunt, Matthew; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Montreal, Canada
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/67
Background: Autonomy is a central concept in both bioethics and rehabilitation. Bioethics has emphasized autonomy as self-governance and its application in treatment decision-making. In addition to discussing decisional autonomy, rehabilitation also focuses on autonomy as functional independence. In practice, responding to patients with diminished autonomy is an important component of rehabilitation care, but also gives rise to tensions and challenges. Our objective was to better understand the complex and distinctive ways that autonomy is understood and upheld in the context of rehabilitation care by reviewing how autonomy is discussed in the rehabilitation literature. Methods: We conducted a scoping review addressing issues of autonomy in the context of mental and physical rehabilitation. Our process followed three sequential steps. We extracted and analyzed bibliometric information. We then examined how autonomy was defined and conceptualized. Finally, we examined how the articles discussed the roles of rehabilitation health professionals in responding to patient autonomy. Findings: The articles include 16 empirical reports, 17 case studies and 30 theoretical papers. The most common conceptual accounts of autonomy drew upon principlism, rights-based and legal analyses, and relational/social approaches. We identified four broad approaches for responding to patient autonomy: supporting, promoting, respecting and advocating. Conclusion: This review helps clarify some of the ambiguities and conceptual distinctions underlying discussions and practices related to autonomy in rehabilitation. It also draws attention to a wide range of activities that health professionals can undertake with the goal of supporting, promoting, respecting and advocating for patient autonomy in rehabilitation care.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/69
2024-03-14T17:26:24Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/69
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 71-81
Denying Assisted Dying Where Death is Not ‘Reasonably Foreseeable’: Intolerable Overgeneralization in Canadian End-of-Life Law
research-article
Reel, Kevin; Joint Centre for Bioethics and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Canada
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/69
The recent change in Canadian law to allow access to medical assistance in dying restricts eligibility, among its other criteria, to those for whom “natural death has become reasonably foreseeable.” A recent review of certain aspects of the law examined the evidence pertaining to extending access to assisted dying in three particular request situations currently denied: requests by mature minors, advance requests, and requests where mental illness is the sole underlying medical condition [1]. The requirement for this review was included in the legislation that introduced medical assistance in dying in Canada. Both the original change in the law and the review itself neglected to consider those with intolerable suffering for whom natural death is not reasonably foreseeable. This paper explores the possibility that access to assisted dying should be extended by removing this limiting criterion. It also considers the ethical challenges this might present for those who work in rehabilitation.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/70
2024-03-14T17:26:24Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/70
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 61-70
The Place of Professional Ethics in Canadian Speech-Language Pathology Programs
research-article
Caty, Marie-Ève; Département d’orthophonie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
Lessard, Marie-Dominique; Commission scolaire de la Capitale, Québec, Canada
Robertson, Annie-Kim; Commission scolaire des Samares, Québec, Canada
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/70
Professional ethics is an important skill for professionals who work in the area of health. For speech-language pathologists specifically, the constant widening of the field of practice and the increasing complexity of the needs of the aging population expose professionals to more ethical questioning. Yet, the scientific literature demonstrates that speech-language pathologists do not feel properly prepared to solve ethical issues. The main objective of this study was to examine the situation of ethics training in all Canadian programs that offer speech language pathology training. In order to meet this objective, a survey was sent to the directors of the eleven Canadian university programs in speech-language pathology. Three programs responded to the survey. The main results obtained suggest that professional ethics is a subject taught within different courses in Canadian university speech-language programs. Nevertheless, the percentage dedicated to ethics inside the courses is low and difficult to clearly estimate. These results shed light on the quantity and quality of professional ethics courses offered in the various Canadian speech-language programs, as well as on the teaching methods used.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/72
2024-03-14T17:27:28Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 59-62
“What Is PER?” Patient Engagement in Research as a Hit
other
Bélisle-Pipon, Jean-Christophe; Petrie-Flom Center, Harvard Law School
Del Grande, Claudio; School of Public Health, Université de Montréal
Rouleau, Geneviève; Faculty of Nursing, Laval University
2018-07-06 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/72
en
Engaging patients in research conduct and agenda setting is increasingly considered as an ethical imperative, and a way to transcend views of patients as passive subjects by fostering their empowerment. However, patient engagement in research (PER) is still an emerging approach with debated definitional and operational frameworks. This song addresses the sometimes difficult encounter and elusive mutual understanding between researchers and patients. “What is PER?” is an impressionistic illustration of the challenges and issues that can be found in the universe of patient engagement in research.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/73
2024-03-14T17:25:09Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/73
2024-03-14T17:25:09Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 42-50
Is the Tone of Evidence in Ethics a Verbal Violence? Analysis of the Briefs Sent to the Quebec Parliamentary Commission on Dying with Dignity
research-article
Burnier, Daniel; Institut de sociologie, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Suisse
2019-04-29 11:59:27
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/73
fr
This interdisciplinary article analyses how citizens debate in an organized public consultation on a deeply conflictual ethical issue: euthanasia. The case in question concerns the Quebec public consultation organized in 2010-2011 by the Special Commission on the Question of Dying with Dignity. The citizen voices debating publicly on euthanasia have so far attracted little attention from researchers. Using Aristotelian rhetorical tools, I analyzed the written submissions (n=149) sent by citizens to the Special Commission. With very few exceptions, all those politically involved in this public consultation, however different they might be, had a high degree of certainty in their ethical beliefs. Everyone acted as if their opponent’s convictions were inferior to their own, which they often presented as universal. With regard to the formula “dying with dignity”, participants implicitly claimed the objectivity of their definition. They even acted as if there were a single definition of the phrase “dying with dignity” and a single ethical truth. Following these analyses, I discuss the concept of “verbal violence” that could be associated with these ways of debating a complex subject.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/77
2024-03-14T17:27:23Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/77
2024-03-14T17:27:23Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 91-93
Power between Professors and Doctoral Students: Use of Research Data and Scientific Authorship
case-report
Carillon, Séverine; Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, équipe SAGESUD, Paris, France
Ridde, Valéry; Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, équipe SAGESUD, Paris, France; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l’Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
2018-11-09 04:16:05
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/77
fr
Embedded in a power relationship, this fictional case study highlights different practices of using research data in a collaboration between professor-researcher and doctoral student. It aims to highlight the difficulties and ethical issues of such collaboration, particularly the challenges related to scientific authorship and the use of data at the end of the research.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/82
2024-03-14T17:25:51Z
cjb-rcb:Ed
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/82
2024-03-14T17:25:51Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 1-4
Jonathan Glover or the Need for Applied Ethics
editorial
Basse, Benoît; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Paris, France
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/82
I introduce here a special issue dedicated to the British philosopher Jonathan Glover (1941-). Recognized as an important figure in applied ethics in the Anglo-Saxon world, Glover does not yet enjoyed the same reputation in the French-speaking world. In 2017, forty years after the original publication of Causing Death and Saving Lives (1977), I published a French translation of the same book, entitled Questions de vie ou de mort (translated by B. Basse, Labor et fides, 2017). In this editorial, I begin by recalling the reasons why Glover considered it necessary in the 1960s to give ethics a more "applied" character. Then I present in broad terms the ethics of "making people die" defended by Glover, resolutely pluralist, and not strictly utilitarian as some may have thought. Finally, I introduce the contributions to this special issue (written by French-speaking authors), as well as the three interviews I conducted with Jonathan Glover, Peter Singer and Jeff McMahan.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/83
2024-03-14T17:25:50Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/83
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 84-94
Interview with Jonathan Glover: Looking Back at Questions of Life and Death
book-review
Basse, Benoît; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Paris, France
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/83
A few months after the publication of the French translation of his book Causing Death and Saving Lives (in French Questions de vie ou de mort, Labor et fides, 2017), Jonathan Glover was kind enough to return to some of the theses defended in this book. In forty years, this work has become a classic of applied ethics in the English-speaking world. Glover tackled a series of questions involving the lives of men and women, including abortion, infanticide, suicide, euthanasia, the death penalty and war. We asked him here about the method he considers the best in moral philosophy, and returned to his criticism of certain dominant ideas at the time (doctrine of sacred life, the distinction between acts and omissions, the principle of double effect, etc.). Jonathan Glover also discusses some of the positions of his former students Peter Singer and Jeff McMahan.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/84
2024-03-14T17:25:50Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/84
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 77-83
Interview with Peter Singer on Jonathan Glover and the Ethics of Dying
book-review
Basse, Benoît; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Paris, France
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/84
For this special issue dedicated to Jonathan Glover, Peter Singer was asked to reflect on the influence that the book Causing Death and Saving Lives had on him, as well as the Glover seminar in Oxford that Peter Singer attended in the late 1960s. One of Peter Singer's recurring arguments is the criticism of the traditional distinction between acts and omissions. But Glover is no stranger to this questioning, even if the two thinkers do not seem to want to draw exactly the same conclusions. What is at stake is this: what are we really responsible for and how demanding should our morality be?
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/85
2024-03-14T17:25:51Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/85
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 68-76
Interview with Jeff McMahan on Jonathan Glover and the Ethics of Dying
book-review
Basse, Benoît; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Paris, France
2019-01-31 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/85
In this special issue on Jonathan Glover and his applied ethics, I asked Jeff McMahan to review the influence of Questions of Life and Death (Labor et fides, 2017), published forty years ago in its original version. Jeff McMahan, Glover's former student, has since developed his own ethics of killing. I wanted to know what he had learned from Glover's philosophy, which he recognized as a pioneer in applied ethics.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/86
2024-03-14T17:25:49Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/86
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 47-56
H.L.A. Hart and J. Glover: A Utilitarian View Against the Death Penalty
research-article
Nayfeld, Nicolas; Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/86
In this article, I return to the origins of J. Glover’s chapter on the death penalty in Causing Death and Saving Lives, that is, a 1957 article by Hart, “Murder and the Principles of Punishment: England and the United States.” In this article, Hart defends, like Glover, the abolition of the death penalty by relying on a utilitarian strategy consisting in, inter alia, reversing the burden of proof: as long as we do not have the proof that the death sentence can save more lives than prison, we will not be allowed to use it, since it is prima facie a greater evil than prison. In fact, it causes greater harm, is more expensive and is not remissible. More than fifty years after the publication of this article, we still have no proof of a greater effectiveness of the death penalty. Some studies even suggest that the death penalty could be harmful and have a brutalizing effect. Throughout my article, I explore the strengths and weaknesses of the utilitarian approach to criminal sanctions, which I oppose, following Hart and Glover, with two other approaches: the pacifist approach and the retributive approach.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/87
2024-03-14T17:25:48Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/87
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 17-28
Actions and Omissions, Intended and Lateral Effects: Consequentialism versus Intuitive Morality
research-article
Baertschi, Bernard; Institut Éthique, Histoire et Humanités, Université de Genève, Suisse
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/87
Intuitively, we judge that our responsibility has more to do with what we do than what we omit to do, and that it extends more to intended effects than to side-effects of our deeds. These intuitions have been expressed in our tradition through two principles: the doctrine of acts and omissions (DDE) and the doctrine of double effect (DDE). Jonathan Glover acknowledges that these two principles are important, but believes that it is eventually better to discard them and, instead, to stick to the consequentialist view that our responsibility extends equally to all the consequences of our behavior (acts and omissions). I first examine Glover’s objections against the two principles and then present Joshua Greene’s research on the neuropsychology of moral judgment. These rest heavily on our reactions to certain moral dilemmas, in particular the trolley problem, and have recourse to neuroimaging. Greene’s conclusions go in the same direction as Glover’s more conceptual arguments. However, both authors share a common philosophical view, i.e., consequentialism. Thus, in a last section I consider some difficulties that this moral view encounters, and with the aid of other neuropsychological studies, I conclude that it is not judicious to put aside the intentions of an agent.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/88
2024-03-14T17:25:48Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 29-36
Ethical Issues of Prenatal Testing in Contemporary Times: The Contribution of a Consequentialist Approach
research-article
Gaille, Marie; Sciences, Philosophie, Histoire – UMR 7219, laboratoire SPHERE, CNRS; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/88
The living fetus has become object of study of medicine only recently, i.e., since the 1960s. The development of prenatal testing and diagnosis has allowed couples and pregnant women to be offered tests that are designed to identify serious in utero conditions, that is, conditions that are considered as incurable at the time of diagnosis. The scientific advances in prenatal diagnosis have also given rise to serious ethical reflections. Jonathan Glover makes a major contribution to this reflection by emphasising the importance of taking into account both the direct consequences and the ‘side-effects’ of a particular practice. This paper first discusses Glover’s perspective on the development of prenatal diagnosis, which he developed over the course of several decades, and focuses then on our current context which is characterized by a so-called “non-invasive” prenatal testing and the development of genomics. Using Glover’s approach, which pays particular attention to the effects of a decision, this paper identifies ethical issues that are particular to our time. The paper concludes that prenatal testing, despite being “non-invasive” from a biological point of view, still raises many ethical issues.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/89
2024-03-14T17:25:47Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 37-46
Jonathan Glover: For a Reformulation of the Principle of the Sacredness of Life
research-article
Maglio, Milena; APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France et Université franco-italienne
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/89
The third chapter of Jonathan Glover’s Causing Death and Saving Lives is devoted to the doctrine of the sanctity of life. In this article, I propose to analyse the Gloverian critique of the sanctity of life in its initial presentation. When Glover wrote this work in 1977, the affirmation of the sanctity of life was a recurring theme in public and scientific debates in both England and the United States. While there seems to be some consensus about it, it should be noted that the term “sanctity of life” is very rarely discussed. Jonathan Glover was one of the first philosophers to engage in such an investigation and to show the limits of affirming the sanctity of life. In his analysis, he proposed replacing the defective parts of the doctrine, i.e., those that do not stand up to rational analysis. His contribution is of primary importance not only for the criticism of the doctrine of the sanctity of life, but also for the development of bioethics and its theoretical arguments.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/92
2023-02-09T19:02:31Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/92
2023-02-09T19:02:31Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 3 No. 3 (2020): Open Issue; 128-133
Surrogate Motherhood from an Ethical and Legal Perspective
other
Zaouaq, Karim; Faculté des sciences juridiques, économiques et sociales, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc
2020-11-16 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/92
In an evolving global market of procreation, surrogacy is increasingly practiced and raises many ethical issues in terms of respect of the dignity of women, their bodily integrity and the consideration of the best interests and kinship of the unborn child. Faced with such ethical questions, the legal response in international law was tepid, while that of the States was fundamentally disparate, varying between systems of prohibition or legal framing of this practice and others that tolerate surrogacy but do not regulate it. This article seeks to analyze the different ethical issues raised by surrogacy, then focuses on the various legal trends prohibiting or totally or partially authorizing this practice, and studying the legal treatment reserved by international law to this question.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/93
2024-03-14T17:25:47Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 57-67
Consequentialism and the Collective Use of Ethical Reasoning: Remarks on the Value of Life, Dignity and the Debate Approach in J. Glover
research-article
Picavet, Emmanuel Bernard; UFR 10 (Philosophie) et UMR 8103, Institut des sciences juridique et philosophique de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne et CNRS, Paris, France
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/93
Starting from a reading of Jonathan Glover's Causing Death and Saving Lives, the article addresses the general assumptions involved in conceptions of the dignity of life. Compatibility (or not) with a consequentialist point of view makes it possible to clarify the meaning given to thresholds in the intrapersonal comparisons between states of the world. These themes are then discussed within the perspective of dialogue related to the collective assessment of practical guidelines.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/95
2024-03-14T17:25:46Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/95
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jonathan Glover: Questions de vie ou de mort; 5-16
Jonathan Glover on the Doctrine of Acts and Omissions: Another Negative Responsibility
research-article
Astay, Cédric; Faculté de Philosophie, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, Lyon, France
2019-02-15 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/95
In his book Causing Death and Saving Lives, Jonathan Glover undertakes to criticize the acts and omissions doctrine. This criticism forms the key plank of his stand in applied ethics. Is it possible to defend the idea that an act and an omission, if they have the exact same consequences, shall nevertheless have a different moral significance ? This work is devoted to showing that refuting the acts- and -omissions doctrine amounts to an acceptance of the notion of negative responsibility. Mainly developed by Peter Singer, who was Glover's student in the late 60s, the mere idea of negative responsibility implies that a moral agent is not only responsible for what he does, but also for what he omits to do, precisely because he didn't act. The refutation of the acts- and -omissions doctrine leads Glover to the same conclusions as the upholders of negative responsibility. Among all the moral principles Glover discusses in the second part of Causing Death and Saving Lives, the acts- and -omissions doctrine has the leading role. The analysis of the author's line of argument in the chapters devoted to applied ethics issues reveals that this doctrine could be the fundamental axiom of all deontological theories. Glover's method does not only consists in refutating a doctrine in the theoretical part of his work, in order to show right after in concreto that many opposite theories are implicitly based upon this foundation – and are consequently flimsy. It is much more about showing that negative responsibility and the acts- and -omissions doctrine are not fully symmetric. They do have the same principle status, the former for utilitarianism, the latter for deontology ; but the acts- and -omissions doctrine is the only one whose origin is psychological, rather than moral. Negative responsibility is still not perfectly well-established, because its implications remain problematic, but it comes out of the comparison strengthened.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/96
2024-03-14T17:27:24Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/96
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 89-90
Helping Surrogate Decision-Makers Through Difficult Conversations
case-report
Nortjé, Nico; Department of Critical Care, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
2018-11-06 05:26:47
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/96
Difficult conversations in the ICU are often seen as ones of getting a surrogate decision-maker to make an end-of-life decision. However, allowing the surrogate decision-maker to become a narrator can alleviate the daunting task lying ahead.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/100
2024-03-14T17:25:13Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 1-10
Paying for Plasma: Commodification, Exploitation, and Canada's Plasma Shortage
research-article
Panitch, Vida; Department of Philosophy, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Horne, Lendell Chad; Department of Philosophy, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, USA
2019-03-11 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/100
A private, for-profit company has recently opened a pair of plasma donation centres in Canada, at which donors can be compensated up to $50 for their plasma. This has sparked a nation-wide debate around the ethics of paying plasma donors. Our aim in this paper is to shift the terms of the current debate away from the question of whether plasma donors should be paid and toward the question of who should be paying them. We consider arguments against paying plasma donors grounded in concerns about exploitation, commodification, and the introduction of a profit motive. We find them all to be normatively inconclusive, but also overbroad in light of Canada’s persistent reliance on plasma from paid donors in the United States. While we believe that there are good reasons to oppose allowing a private company to profit from Canada’s blood supply, these concerns can be addressed if payment is dispensed instead by a public, not-for-profit agency. In short, we reject profiting from plasma while we endorse paying for plasma; we therefore conclude in favour of a new Canadian regime of public sector plasma collection and compensation.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/102
2024-03-14T17:27:23Z
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2024-03-14T17:27:23Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 94-98
Access to Personal Information for Public Health Research: Transparency Should Always Be Mandatory
article-commentary
Ringuette, Louise; Programmes de bioéthique, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
Bélisle-Pipon, Jean-Christophe; Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, USA; Health Law Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
Doudenkova, Victoria; Programmes de bioéthique, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
Williams-Jones, Bryn; Programmes de bioéthique, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal; Institut de recherche en santé publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
2018-12-07 15:25:18
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/102
In Québec, the Act Respecting Access to Documents Held by Public Bodies and the Protection of Personal Information provides an exception to transparency to most public institutions where public health research is conducted by allowing them to not disclose their uses of personal data (often collected without the consent of those being studied). This exceptionalism is ethically problematic due to important concerns (e.g., protection of privacy and potential harms of secondary uses of data) and we argue that all those who conduct research should be transparent and accountable for the work they do in the public interest.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/103
2024-03-14T17:27:33Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 82-83
Diversity and Context in Health Ethics: The Case for Rural Health
book-review
Mashmoushi, Yasmina; Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Mzouri, Mitan; Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/103
en
This review maintains that the book, Rethinking Rural Health Ethics, is essential reading for rural health providers, rural health policy makers, and rural health ethicists because it uncovers the fundamental inadequacies of the traditional, urban-centric health ethics framework with respect to the rural health setting and formulates the basis for a more viable and distinctive rural health ethics. This review further maintains that this book possesses far-reaching, robust implications on the importance of incorporating diversity and context into ethical deliberations within the broader field of health ethics and in all levels of ethical analysis (i.e., micro, meso, and macro), thus serving as a resonating and sage influence for health ethicists in all fields.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/104
2024-03-14T16:52:56Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 17-25
Who Owns the Past? North American Perspectives on the Appropriation of Archaeological Heritage
research-article
Gates St-Pierre, Christian; Département d’anthropologie, Université de Montréal
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/104
Prehistoric archeology in North America is driven by a process of decolonization that forces us to question and redefine its practices, as well as its links with Aboriginal communities and their archaeological heritage. No longer having the monopoly of discourse on this heritage, archaeologists are developing new approaches that are more collaborative, multivocal and socially relevant. The question of appropriating the past remains problematic, however, as it is subject to debates opposing sociopolitical and interpretative positions that are sometimes difficult to reconcile. This article provides a brief overview of the situation and the resulting ethical challenges, illustrated by a contemporary case study located in Montreal.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/109
2024-03-14T16:52:55Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 194-200
Archaeology and Ethics: What Place for Speleologists?
other
Gauchon, Christophe; Fédération française de Spéléologie, Commission nationale du Patrimoine et de l’Architecture-6ème section « Grottes ornées », France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/109
Speleologists are at the same time explorers, observers and users of the underground world which contains many heritages. While the imperative obligation to guarantee the most effective protection for these heritages is shared by all, the text tries to take into account the different regulatory statutes that apply to archaeological remains, living and abiotic heritages. However, ethics consists precisely in rebalancing, as much as possible, these different levels of regulation. Exploration speleology obviously aims to discover new cavities and new networks, and even if this is not their primary motivation, speleologists are sometimes led to discover archaeological remains as well. These discoveries, obtained by different means, lead to a rethinking of the conditions of access to the underground world, generally strongly defended by speleologists. A dialogue must then be established with archaeologists so that the protection and study of these remains is not at the detriment of conservation or the various stakeholders. Ethical responsibility is thus shared.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/110
2024-03-14T16:52:55Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 109-119
From 'Professionalisation' to 'Vassalization'. The Archaeologist between ‘Professional Ethics' and 'Corporate Social Responsibility'
research-article
Vandevelde-Rougale, Agnes; Laboratoire du Changement Social et Politique, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
Zorzin, Nicolas; Institute of Archaeology, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/110
Based on the observation of a loss of thickness in archaeological ethics – “ethical-washing” by which ethics is restricted to the production of records of archaeological data on the one hand, and to corporate social communication on the other – this article examines the evolution of the archaeological profession and its loss of subjective meaning. Based on a concrete case of contract work experience in rescue archaeology in the United Kingdom, and interviews with professionals in preventive archaeology in France, this article questions the influence on this dynamic of a managerial rhetoric linked to neocapitalism. It concludes by proposing for archaeology and archaeologists, some means to resist submission to the development imperatives of planners, discussed with the public at the “Archaeo-Ethics” conference.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/112
2024-03-14T17:27:25Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 78-79
Review of: Cooper, D.B. (ed.) (2017) Ethics in Mental Health-Substance Use
book-review
Bernatsky, Zoe; Newman Theological College, Edmonton
2018-10-25 17:19:32
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/112
N/A
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/113
2024-03-14T17:27:25Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/113
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 80
Review of: Austin, W. et al. (2013) Lying Down in the Ever-Falling Snow: Canadian Health Professionals’ Experience of Compassion Fatigue
book-review
Chauhan, Nipa; Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto
2018-10-25 18:00:51
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/113
N/A
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/114
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 81
Review of: Greenberg R.A., Goldberg A.M., Rodríguez-Arias D. (eds.) (2016) Ethical Issues in Pediatric Organ Transplantation
book-review
Bonneau, Josée; Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
2018-10-25 18:29:35
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/114
N/A
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/115
2024-03-14T17:27:26Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 77
Review of: Zlotnik Shaul, R. (ed.) (2014) Paediatric Patient and Family-Centred Care: Ethical and Legal Issues
book-review
Sharp, Marla; New York University, New York
2018-10-25 16:21:25
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/115
N/A
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/117
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Open Issue; 76
Review of: Hébert, P. (2016) Good Medicine: The Art of Ethical Care in Canada
book-review
Orsini, Massimo; Faculty of Law, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
2018-10-25 14:14:25
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/117
N/A
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/119
2024-03-14T17:25:06Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 83-93
In Our Own Words: A Qualitative Exploration of Complex Patient-Provider Interactions in an LGBTQ Population
research-article
Malik, Saba; Family Medicine, Harbor UCLA, Harbor City, USA
Master, Zubin; Biomedical Ethics Research Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
Parker, Wendy; Population Health Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, USA
DeCoster, Barry; Humanities & Communication, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, USA
Campo-Engelstein, Lisa; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Alden March Bioethics Institute, Albany, USA
2019-07-10 12:19:20
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/119
While sexual and gender minorities are at increased risk for poor health outcomes, there is limited data regarding patient-provider interactions. In this study, we explored the perspectives of LGBTQ patients and their encounters with physicians in order to improve our understanding of patient-physician experiences. Using purposive selection of self-identified LGBTQ patients, we performed fourteen in-depth semi-structured interviews on topics of sexual orientation and gender identity, as well as their perceived role in the patient-provider relationship. Coding using a modified grounded theory approach was performed to generate themes. We identified three major themes that demonstrate the complexity of LGBTQ patient experiences. The first, Lacking trust, identifies mistrust and loss of the physician-patient relationship resulting from physicians’ poor or judgmental communication, or from physicians making assumptions about gender, using incorrect pronouns, and not recognizing heterogeneity within the transgender community. A second theme, Being vulnerable, describes the challenges and fears related to comfort of patients with disclosing their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. A final theme, Navigating discrimination, outlines racial or ethnic discrimination which creates an additional burden on top of illness and stigmatized identity. Our results reveal the complex needs of individuals with multiple stigmatized identities when developing relationships with providers. By using an intersectional perspective that appreciates the plurality of patients’ identities, providers can help to improve their relationships with LGBTQ patients. Incorporating intersectional training for medical students and residents could greatly benefit both LGBTQ patients and their physicians.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/120
2024-03-14T17:25:10Z
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 39-41
Overuse of Diagnostic Tests in Canada: A Critical Perspective
article-commentary
Borges, Julia; Division of Community Health and Humanities and Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
Lee, Tiffany; Division of Community Health and Humanities and Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
Saif, Abdullah; Division of Community Health and Humanities and Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
Sundly, Amit; Division of Community Health and Humanities and Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
Brunger, Fern; Division of Community Health and Humanities and Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
2019-04-29 06:29:56
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/120
In this commentary we describe the interplay between 1) contemporary popular and professional understandings of “risk” and “normality” in health and healthcare, and 2) the promotion by state and market forces of individual self-regulation of health. We draw upon the work of critical theorists who have described the relationship between risk, fear, and the notion of “normal” in health discourse to argue that these factors act, primarily via the popular media, to shape the discourse on, and overuse of, diagnostic tests in Canada.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/121
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/121
2024-03-14T17:25:11Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 21-22
Review of: Kaposy C. (2018) Choosing Down Syndrome
book-review
Chevalier, Meghan; Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
2019-03-12 04:17:40
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/121
With the advent of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing, Chris Kaposy believes that more people should choose to parent children with Down Syndrome. Kaposy advocates for the Social Disability Model and recommends a normative pragmatic approach as standard. He makes use of both quantitative and qualitative evidence to support his position.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/122
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 120-127
Preventive Archaeology, a Source of Solutions for Tomorrow? Reflections on the Scientific and Societal Challenges of Preventive Archaeology in the Face of the Deleterious Effects of Neo-Liberalism
research-article
Blein, Charlotte; HiSoMA (UMR 5189), Lyon; ArcheVive, Alès, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/122
In recent decades, rescue archaeology in Europe has uncovered a much larger number of remains than planned archaeology. The mass of information resulting from this preventive research is such that its processing is a colossal task, but also unavoidable if preventive excavations are not to become synonymous with the destruction of the remains – which is precisely what they are supposed to prevent. The effort that our society must make (in terms of time and financial resources in particular) may seem heavy, even insurmountable to some; nevertheless, this effort is imperative and essential, because preventive excavations raise major challenges, both scientific and societal. This article aims to detail these issues and analyse them in the light of the deleterious effects of neoliberal logic on rescue archaeology and the associated ecological and societal difficulties.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/123
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 158-165
Detectorism in France: What Situation and What Public Policy?
other
Delestre, Xavier; Direction régionale des affaires culturelles de Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, service régional de l’archéologie, Aix-en-Provence, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/123
fr
The conservation of France’s archaeological heritage has been seriously threatened for several decades by users of metal detectors. To curb this scourge, which undermines research and conservation of the remains, the State implements educational and repressive measures.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/124
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 128-137
The Ethics of Care in Preventive Archaeology: Feedback and Some Avenues for Reflection
research-article
Tufféry, Christophe; Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap); UMR CITERES 7324, Paris, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/124
After reviewing what constitutes preventive archaeology, I propose mobilizing, for this field of activity, the notion of an ethics of care. This notion is polysemous and has ethical, sociological and political dimensions. It does not remain theoretical but is instead rooted in reality and in the full diversity of practices. An ethics of care can offer new avenues for reflection and action for archaeologists, but also for supervisory staff and the various archaeology institutions to gain a new understanding of the behaviours, discourses, practices and practical needs of archaeologists. Over the past twenty years, archaeologists have had to integrate the presence of multiple professional risk factors, in the face of which attitudes and discourse have varied between responsibility, prevention and sometimes denial. Archaeologists work in a variety of terrains where their bodies and practices intersect and reflect their “embedded” relationships in archaeological sites and remains. Archaeologists’ field areas are also places of sociability where their professional identities and collective histories are built, which are a very powerful glue for the functioning of their social groups. The importance of these interdependent relationships is also emphasized by an ethics of care.
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Open Issue; 134-151
Applying an Argumentative Process to Advocate for Occupational Therapy Service Allocation Based on Occupational Entitlement
research-article
Jean-Gagnon, Kim; Département d’ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
Brousseau, Martine; Département d’ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
2020-07-20 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/125
Problem: The current allocation of occupational therapy services in CLSCs makes it difficult for occupational therapists to intervene according to their primary expertise in occupational empowerment. To claim this situation, professionals are called upon to act as agents of change and ideally resort to an argumentative process. Objective: To apply an argumentative process to a problematic occupational situation in occupational therapy, that is to claim an allocation of occupational therapy services in CLSCs based on occupation qualification. Method: The argument process is based on the “Convictions-Réel-Actions-Fondements (CRAF)” argument framework requiring a search for arguments from a critical review of the literature. Results: The studies reviewed put forward arguments based on the values and theoretical foundations of the profession. The arguments based on convincing results come from studies with a high level of scientific evidence. They show that interventions based on occupation empowerment have repercussions on participation and functioning in occupations, physical and mental well-being and health, the perception of personal efficiency, life satisfaction, social interactions, learning knowledge and life expectancy. Discussion: Empowing occupations in a prevention and health promotion approach is effective and cost-effective for a broader clientele than that currently served. Occupational therapists, eager to be agents of change in their environment, could replicate the argumentation process to apply it to a problematic clinical situation.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/126
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 26-33
Is Action or Collaborative Research More Ethical? Reflections of an Ethnologist in a Canadian Indigenous Setting
research-article
Bousquet, Marie-Pierre; Programme en études autochtones, Département d’anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/126
In Canada, since the early 2000s, action and collaborative research have become increasingly popular in the social sciences. In this form of research, knowledge is produced not only by specialized researchers but also with actors in the field; it is often presented as a panacea for ethical research with local populations, especially when they are in a situation of marginalization. This research is in practice seen as a potential means of empowerment. Based on my experience as an anthropologist working in Quebec Aboriginal communities, I examine how, when applied to non-prescriptive disciplines such as mine, these types of research can present different images. Are they really more ethical than fundamental research? I highlight the questions raised by these models, which can change the way I practice my profession, paying particular attention to the commitment of the researcher, the validity and strength of methodologies and epistemologies, and the degrees of participation of informants, all within the framework of the ethical rules formulated by the Canadian granting councils and by Aboriginal people themselves.
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 146-148
The Archaeology of Death in Recent Times: Practices and Ethical Issues from a Case Study
article-commentary
Richier, Anne Frédérique; Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives, 2 UMR 7268, Aix Marseille Universitél; CNRS, EFS, ADÉS, Marseille, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/127
Based on an undocumented excavation of a cemetery in use between 1784 and 1905 in Marseille, this commentary aims to decipher the questions of deontology and ethics raised by the archaeology of recent death.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/128
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 17-18
Review of Clinical Ethics Consultation - A Practical Guide
book-review
Gill, Julia; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, Toronto, Canada
2019-03-12 04:11:57
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/128
en
In this guide to conducting clinical ethics consultation, Bashir Jiwani notes that the success of ethics interventions often relies on the personal skills of the particular consultant involved. Therefore, he wrote this volume to articulate the elements of clinical ethics consultation to help foster integrity in those who may not have these inherent skills. By focusing on fostering integrity, this book provides a fresh perspective and process for how to approach clinical ethics consultation without necessarily having to rely on the teaching of others or the advice to simply do what we have seen mentors do.
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 138-145
Ethical Reflections on the Study of the Ancient Near East
research-article
Michel, Cécile; Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité, CNRS, Nanterre, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/129
Assyriology covers disciplines that concern the study of the ancient Near East, and more specifically the period and the geographic area defined by the use of cuneiform writing. Archaeologists, historians and art historians who conduct research in this field work in countries at war or in countries that do not respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They are confronted with situations that affect their daily work. To better understand these situations, it is essential to understand the recent history of these countries, the role played by Western researchers in the rediscovery of antiquity, and the relationship of local politicians and populations to their past. In 2003, Assyriologists created the International Association for Assyriology to better address the situation in the Near East, and since 2014, they have reacted through official statements, before reflecting on the ethical behaviour of researchers. This concerns respect for the laws of the countries under study, cooperation with local scientists, the training of future generations and the well-being of the workforce employed on archaeological excavation sites. It concerns the means to be implemented for the safeguarding and restoration of cultural heritage, without cooperating with dictatorial regimes. Finally, the ethical behaviour of the researcher depends on the transmission of knowledge to the public, and in particular information to potential buyers about the danger of contributing to the trafficking of antiquities.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/132
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 206-209
The Delicate Problem of Human Remains in Archaeology
other
Charlier, Philippe; Musée du Quai Branly - Jacques Chirac, Département de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement, Paris; UVSQ / EA4498 Laboratoire DANTE, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/132
fr
The problem I am interested in is above all that of the biomedical management of human remains in archaeology, these ancient artifacts “unlike any other”, these “atypical patients”. In the following text, I will examine, with an interdisciplinary perspective (anthropological, philosophical and medical), how it is possible to work on human remains in archaeology, but also how to manage their storage after study. Working in archaeology is already a political problem (in the Greek sense of the word, i.e., it literally involves the city), and one could refer directly to Laurent Olivier’s work on the politics of archaeological excavations during the Third Reich and the spread of Nazi ideology based on excavation products and anthropological studies. But in addition, working on human remains can also pose political problems, and we paid the price in my team when we worked on Robespierre’s death mask (the reconstruction of the face having created a real scandal on the part of the French far left) but also when we worked on Henri IV’s head (its identification having considerably revived the historical clan quarrel between Orléans and Bourbon). Working on human remains is therefore anything but insignificant.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/135
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 79-87
New Standards for Ancient Human Remains: From Reification to Personalisation?
research-article
Clavandier, Gaëlle; Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, CMW UMR 5283, Lyon; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES UMR 7268, Marseille, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/135
The norms regarding human remains, old or new, are changing; we are witnessing unprecedented adjustments that tend to humanize these remains. Some of these, in very different contexts, are now treated as mortal remains and can benefit from treatment that could be qualified as funeral and lead to the cemetery. These changes are frequently interpreted as the result of the expression of ties (family ties, community affiliation) that promote a grieving process or a memory dynamic. However, a second trend is at work to apply principles dedicated to mortal remains, including the principle of human dignity, to human remains that have until now been reified. This trend can be observed at two levels, that of legal doctrine and that of practice. This article is based on an example from a recent preventive archaeological excavation, that captures both the issues and the responses adopted in situ about the trajectory and fate of these human remains.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/136
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 102-109
Deficit-Based Indigenous Health Research and the Stereotyping of Indigenous People
research-article
Hyett, Sarah Louise; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Gabel, Chelsea; McMaster Indigenous Research Institute; Canada Research Chair in Indigenous Well-being, Community Engagement and Innovation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Marjerrison, Stacey; McMaster Children’s Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Schwartz, Lisa; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact; Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis; Arnold L Johnson Chair in Health Care Ethics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
2019-11-01 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/136
en
Health research tends to be deficit-based by nature; as researchers we typically quantify or qualify absence of health markers or presence of illness. This can create a narrative with far reaching effects for communities already subject to stigmatization. In the context of Indigenous health research, a deficit-based discourse has the potential to contribute to stereotyping and marginalization of Indigenous Peoples in wider society. This is especially true when researchers fail to explore the roots of health deficits, namely colonization, Westernization, and intergenerational trauma, risking conflation of complex health challenges with inherent Indigenous characteristics. In this paper we explore the incompatibility of deficit-based research with principles from several ethical frameworks including the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) Chapter 9, OCAP® (ownership, control, access, possession), Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami National Inuit Strategy on Research, and Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research (CCGHR) Principles for Global Health Research. Additionally we draw upon cases of deficit-based research and stereotyping in healthcare, in order to identify how this relates to epistemic injustice and explore alternative approaches.
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 63-72
Doctors' Strikes in the Democratic Republic of Congo: What Ethical Benchmarks Can be Generalised?
research-article
Ravez, Laurent Jean-Claude; Centre de Bioéthique, Institut Espace Philosophique de Namur (ESPHIN), Université de Namur, Belgique
Rennie, Stuart; Department of Social Medicine and Center for Bioethics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Yemesi, Robert; École de Santé Publique, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Bioéthique pour l’Afrique francophone (CIBAF), Université de Kinshasa et Université de Lodja, République Démocratique du Congo
Chalachala, Jean-Lambert; DRC Country Representative, Family Planning Country Action Process Evaluation (FP CAPE)/Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Makindu, Darius; École de Santé Publique, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Bioéthique pour l’Afrique francophone (CIBAF), Université de Kinshasa et Université de Lodja, République Démocratique du Congo
Behets, Frieda; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Fox, Albert; Centre de Bioéthique, Institut Espace Philosophique de Namur (ESPHIN), Université de Namur, Belgique
Kashamuka, Melchior; École de Santé Publique, Université de Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
Kayembé, Patrick; École de Santé Publique, Université de Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
2019-06-19 06:50:12
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/138
For several years, the Democratic Republic of Congo has been the scene of strikes by the country’s doctors. The strikers’ demands are essentially financial and statutory and are intended to put pressure on the government. In this country, as is the case almost everywhere in the world, medical strikes are allowed. Every worker has the right to denounce by strike working conditions that are considered unacceptable. But are doctors just like any other workers? Do they not have particular moral obligations linked to the specificities of their profession? To shed light on these questions, the authors of this article propose three essential moral benchmarks that can be generalized to medical strike situations elsewhere in the world. The first concerns the recognition of the right to strike for doctors, including for strictly financial reasons. Health professionals cannot be asked to work in inhuman working conditions or without a salary to support their families. The second benchmark argues that it is unacceptable for this right to strike to be exercised if it sacrifices the most vulnerable patients and thus denies the very essence of the medical profession. A third benchmark complicates the reflection by reminding us that the extreme dilapidation of the Congolese health system makes it impossible to organise a minimum quality service in the event of a strike. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a national therapeutic alliance between doctors and citizens to put patients back at the centre of the health system’s concerns.
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 88-96
“I Like to Keep my Archaeology Dead”. Alienation and Othering of the Past as an Ethical Problem
research-article
Schreiber, Stefan; Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum – Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Archäologie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Neumann, Sabine; Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Egbers, Vera; Freie Universität Berlin; Excellence Cluster “Topoi. The Formation and Transformation of Space and Knowledge in Ancient Civilizations”, Berlin, Germany
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/139
As archaeologists, we have to deal with the dead, and as David Clarke once said, we like to keep our archaeology dead. From an epistemological perspective, alienation from the dead seems almost inevitable; otherwise, we would only project today’s conditions onto the past. Therefore, the past must be, and must remain, a foreign country. These alienating processes have ethical implications, however, especially when it comes to the study of human remains. In this article, we analyze the structures within the scientific discipline of archaeology that normalize practices, such as the labeling of human bone material during excavations and the object-like display of skeletons in museums. We argue that archaeologists have an – often rejected – ethical responsibility towards subjects from the past. We, therefore, seek to open up a debate concerning alternative strategies for the treatment of the dead.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/140
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Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 15-16
Review of: Magnussen H. (2017) The Moral Work of Nursing – Asking and Living with the Questions
book-review
Nortjé, Nico; Department of Critical Care, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
2019-03-12 04:10:48
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/140
A narrative description of personal moral challenges of a nurse serving diverse communities.
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2024-03-14T17:25:08Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 52-60
Health Misinformation and the Power of Narrative Messaging in the Public Sphere
article-commentary
Caulfield, Timothy; Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Marcon, Alessandro R; Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Murdoch, Blake; Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Brown, Jasmine M; Institute of Health Economics; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Perrault, Sarah Tinker; University Writing Program, University of California, Davis, United States of America
Jarry, Jonathan; Office for Science and Society, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Snyder, Jeremy; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
Anthony, Samantha J; The Hospital for Sick Children; Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Toronto, Canada
Brooks, Stephanie; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Master, Zubin; Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
Rachul, Christen; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Ogbogu, Ubaka; Faculty of Law; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Greenberg, Joshua; School of Journalism and Communication, Faculty of Communication and Media Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Zarzeczny, Amy; Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
Hyde-Lay, Robyn; Health Law Institute, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
2019-05-24 02:26:16
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/141
en
Numerous social, economic and academic pressures can have a negative impact on representations of biomedical research. We review several of the forces playing an increasingly pernicious role in how health and science information is interpreted, shared and used, drawing discussions towards the role of narrative. In turn, we explore how aspects of narrative are used in different social contexts and communication environments, and present creative responses that may help counter the negative trends. As traditional methods of communication have in many ways failed the public, changes in approach are required, including the creative use of narratives.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/143
2024-03-14T16:52:50Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/143
2024-03-14T16:52:50Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 9-16
Ethics in Archaeology, What are the Normative Issues? French Approaches
research-article
Cornu, Marie; Institut des Sciences sociales du Politique (UMR 7220), ENS Paris Saclay, Université Paris Nanterre, France
Négri, Vincent; Institut des Sciences sociales du Politique (UMR 7220), ENS Paris Saclay, Université Paris Nanterre, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/143
The ethical issues facing archaeologists must be considered in close coordination with the legal framework governing their activity. Ethics is defined as a “set of principles and values that guide social and professional behaviour”. It can inspire both laws and professional practices, referring to duties inherent to the exercise of a specific activity. The link between ethics and law, built from these multiple sources, is therefore complex. This contribution aims to understand these multiple forms of normativities and their interactions. Several examples are particularly interesting from this point of view: that of the treatment of funerary archaeology which puts under tension the scientific interest and the principle of human dignity, sometimes also the expression of collective rights; that of scientific production and the sharing of the results and data on which they are based; that of the diligence to be observed in a context of possible looting; and also that of the articulation between scientific and heritage interest. The particular nature of the archaeological heritage, as soon as it is revealed at the moment of a discovery, will give rise to specific rules in both domestic and international law at the intersection of law and deontology, a relationship in which there could be a breach of law by deontology. These forms of internormativity are doubly manifest in the process of patrimonialization and when there is question of the appropriation of tangible elements, such as data.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/147
2024-03-14T16:52:49Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/147
2024-03-14T16:52:49Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 57-65
The Instrumentalisation of Inca Archaeological Sites. Ethical Issues
research-article
Molinié, Antoinette; CNRS; Université Paris Nanterre, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/147
On the occasion of Peru’s Independence, the champions of the Creole nation elevated the Inca State Indian to the status of a respectable ancestor, thus eliminating the Amerindian historicity of the population. The archaeological remains provide support to an indigenist ideology that ignores the sociological Indian, considered to be ontologically inferior. Today, these Inca vestiges contribute to the construction of the national narrative: the Inca solar cult is thus reinvented on the site of Sacsayhuaman. To what extent can the work of archaeologists serve to corroborate partisan ideologies? The presidents of the Peruvian and Bolivian Republics were inducted as pre-Hispanic rulers, the first on the Inca site of Machu Picchu, the second at the Tiwanaku Sun gate. To what extent can the vestiges of a civilization be instrumentalized by politics? The Inca sites are now assailed by New Age mystics from the United States and Europe under the leadership of local neo-shamans. They are indeed reputed to carry positive “energy”, one that is exploited by mystical tourism agencies. To what extent can the heritage of the nation, maintained by public services, be the object of private profits, ideologies that may be sectarian and possibly irreparable damages? In the culture of traditional Andean communities, the pre-Hispanic ruins had a classificatory and symbolic function. This function disappears when the setting of a myth is replaced by a historical site. How can we respect the indigenous perception of archaeological remains? These are the ethical questions that this article seeks to raise on the basis of specific and concrete cases of archaeological sites on which the author has carried out excavations.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/148
2024-03-14T17:26:23Z
cjb-rcb:LET
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/148
2024-03-14T17:26:23Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 90-91
Canadian Physiotherapists Want to Talk More About Equity
letter
Cleaver, Shaun; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
Deslauriers, Simon; Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Canada
Hudon, Anne; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo; Section de droit civil, Faculté de droit, Université d’Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/148
NA
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/149
2024-03-14T17:26:22Z
cjb-rcb:Ed
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/149
2024-03-14T17:26:22Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 1 No. 3 (2018): Limits and Challenges of an Ethics in Rehabilitation; 1-8
Critical Reflections on the Ethical Dimensions of Rehabilitation Practices
editorial
Drolet, Marie-Josée; Département d’ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
Hunt, Matthew; École de physiothérapie et d’ergothérapie, Université McGill, Montréal, Canada
Caty, Marie-Ève; Département d’orthophonie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
2018-12-14 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/149
NA
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/151
2024-03-14T16:52:49Z
cjb-rcb:Per
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/151
2024-03-14T16:52:49Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 210-214
Archaeology and Politics / Archaeology and Degrowth
other
Clavier, Annick; Service du Patrimoine culturel, Direction de la Culture et du Patrimoine, Département de l’Isère, Hôtel du Département, Grenoble, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/151
This text analyses how the values of neo-liberal society have determined the evolution of archaeological practice in France, whether it be research or preliminary to landscaping projects. It calls for the definition of a different archaeology, in a world without development.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/152
2024-03-14T16:52:49Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/152
2024-03-14T16:52:49Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 44-56
Local Alternatives to Globalization: Reflections on the Possibility of Sustainable Archaeology and the Professional Ethical Constraints that arise in this Process
research-article
March, Ramiro Javier; UMR 6566 du CNRS, Centre de Recherches en Archéologie Archéosciences et Histoire; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/152
fr
This article analyses the ethical consequences for archaeology and archaeologists induced by the process of capitalist globalisation and the integration of archaeological heritage as a resource within the market economy. I propose a theoretical reflection on the current situation as well as on the questions and repositioning of the different actors in this process, based on my participation in the 2003 debate on the declaration of the Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina) as a World Heritage Site. Finally, the alternative of sustainable archaeology is evaluated as a possible means of transformation for archaeology.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/155
2024-03-14T21:32:03Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/155
2024-03-14T21:32:03Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Open Issue; 52-57
The Ethics of Screening and Treating Persons with Hepatitis C: A Canadian Perspective
research-article
Apau Bediako, Ramseyer; Centre for Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
2020-07-20 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/155
In this article, I argue that the Canadian government’s position against screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and publicly funding HCV treatment is ethically unjustifiable. Cost of medication and likelihood of widening existing health inequality are the government’s argument for not funding HCV treatment and for also not having a screening program. I object to this position and argue in favour of a screening program and public funding of HCV treatment. I argue that these barriers are ethically unjust. Conclusively, being denied screening and early treatment is to be denied the best possible outcome.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/156
2024-03-14T16:52:48Z
cjb-rcb:Per
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/156
2024-03-14T16:52:48Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 149-157
The Study of "Grey" Data from Illegal Metal Detection: Safeguarding Heritage or Vicious Circle of Looting?
other
Lecroere, Thomas; Chercheur associé, UMR 7324 Citeres/LAT, Université de Tours/CNRS, Tours, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/156
The practice of metal detection has developed considerably over the past forty years. Taking into account the risk that it posed to the archaeological heritage, public authorities, following international recommendations, have put implemented legislation to try to reduce its impact. Some nations such as England and Wales, and recently Belgium, nevertheless consider users of metal detectors more as research assistants than as a real risk to the archaeological heritage and encourage them to report their findings to the competent authorities. In addition, discoverers of exceptional objects can be rewarded financially. In France, where legislation requires administrative authorization to use a metal detector, declaratory systems are models for the detector user community who have dreamed of “active collaboration” between themselves and archaeologists. Some scientists, arguing that illegal detection is a reality that cannot be combated, nevertheless choose to record and study the discoveries of clandestine users of metal detectors, seeing in this the possibility of “saving what can be saved”. However, various examples from current events and the media show that, far from its original purpose, this practice provides a scientific validation for the detection of metals and a market value for the objects discovered, thus creating a demand for the looting of heritage sites.
In France, where restrictive legislation requires the obtaining of an administrative license to use a metal detector, the declarative systems are examples for the community of detector users, dreaming of "active collaboration" between them and archaeologists. Some scientists, arguing that illegal detection is a reality that can not be fought, respond to sirens making the distinction between "honest prospectors" and "looters". They make the choice to record and study the discoveries of clandestine users of metal detectors, thus seeing the possibility of "saving what can be". However, various examples from the news and various media show that, far from its original purpose, this practice offers a scientific guarantee to the detection of metals and a market value to the discovered objects, thus creating a demand fueling the looting of heritage.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/157
2024-03-14T17:25:12Z
cjb-rcb:REV
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/157
2024-03-14T17:25:12Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 19-20
Book Review: What time is the 9:20 bus? A Journey to a Meaningful Life, Disability and All, by Lucinda Hage (2014)
book-review
Garcia, Aedan; Harbord Collegiate Institute, Toronto
2019-03-12 04:15:47
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/157
This book review considers the challenges of raising a child with a developmental disability as seen in the book What time is the 9:20 bus? by Lucinda Hage. Beyond being an emotional and compelling narrative of a mother struggling to navigate Canada’s medical and social support systems, the book is also an excellent introduction to the fields of bioethics, disability ethics, and resource allocation ethics.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/158
2024-03-14T17:25:04Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/158
2024-03-14T17:25:04Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 135-142
Empowering Patients with Additional Data in Genomic Medicine
research-article
Durand, Guillaume; Département de philosophie, UFR Lettres et Langages; Centre Atlantique de Philosophie (CAPHI, EA 7463), Université de Nantes; MSH Ange Guépin (USR 3491 – CNRS), Nantes, France
Guillet, Manon; Département de philosophie, UFR Lettres et Langages, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
Mercier, Sandra; INSERM UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes; Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
2019-11-05 03:13:33
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/158
In recent years, we have witnessed a technological revolution in molecular genetics with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS). During medical genetics consultations in hospitals, patients are confronted with the difficult question of research and disclosure of so-called additional data, which are not related to their pathology, the primary data. This may be incidental data (the discovery is incidental) or secondary data, i.e., data actively searched for in a defined list of genes. How can we ensure that patients are sufficiently autonomous in dealing with this issue? What is the role of the healthcare team? Can we harmonize practices with respect to these data? We propose a variable scale strategy applied to genetics that consists in adapting the degree of autonomy required according to the medical impact and the level of reliability of the genetic data transmitted to the patient. We also provide elements to promote patient autonomy. We believe it is necessary to separate primary from additional data, to develop the means to provide adequate information to patients, and finally to support patients in their process with psychological support and to respecting a certain period of reflection. Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the medical team to assess, on a case-by-case basis, the appropriateness of seeking this data and disclosing it to the patient.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/159
2024-03-14T16:52:48Z
cjb-rcb:Concl
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/159
2024-03-14T16:52:48Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 243-250
Ethics in Archaeology: New Proposals
editorial
Pasquini, Béline; UMR 7041 ArScAn – équipe Archéologies environnementales; Université Paris 1 – Panthon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
Vandevelde, Ségolène; UMR 7041 ArScAn – équipe Archéologies environnementales; Université Paris 1 – Panthon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/159
In this conclusion of the special issue “Archaeo-Ethics”, we summarise the findings and analyses of several texts in this issue, as well as the most common solutions suggested by the authors.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/161
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/161
2024-03-14T16:52:47Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 166-193
Professionals, Volunteers, Amateurs and Citizens: Research Stakeholders for What Input?
other
Gransard-Desmond, Jean-Olivier; Service Recherche, ArkéoTopia, une autre voie pour l’archéologie, Paris; Laboratoire Archéologie et Archéométrie (UMR 5138), Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/161
fr
Since the 1970s, archaeology has been very rapidly professionalized with the evolution of the French administration and the explosion of preventive archaeology positions. The benefits of this rapid evolution must now take into account the non-professional actors (volunteers, amateurs and citizens) whose diversity has also evolved. Indeed, the distance taken by professionals towards the latter is increasing a little more every day. Yet, for a long time, learned societies and associations have fuelled scientific production. Some have even led to the creation of research centres, sometimes associated with the creation of a museum. These large-scale initiatives from legal entities may also be found in the case of individuals. To very different degrees, many other volunteer archaeologists, sometimes defining themselves as independent researchers, have contributed to knowledge about human beings through an archaeological approach. Some have even become professionals. Through the presentation of the contributions and limitations of the various non-professional research actors (in particular volunteer archaeologists and amateur researchers), we highlight the importance of strengthening the link between professionals and non-professionals for tomorrow’s archaeological research in mode3 science 4.0.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/163
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cjb-rcb:Ed
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/163
2024-03-14T16:52:47Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 1-8
A Need for Ethics in Archaeology?
editorial
Vandevelde, Ségolène; University Paris 1 - Panthéon-Sorbonne, UMR 7041 ArScAn environmental archaeologies research team
Pasquini, Béline; University Paris 1 - Panthéon-Sobonne; UMR7041 ArScAn, environmental archaeologies research team
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/163
This introductory text provides a summary of the Archaeo-Ethics Conference held in Paris on May 25-26 2018. It also introduces the texts in this special issue devoted to ethics in archaeology, proceedings of the Conference. The texts have been separated into five parts:"What collaborations between archaeologists and local populations?", "(Re-)appropriation or instrumentalization of archaeological research?",“What collaborations between professional archaeologists and heritage enthusiasts (from qualified amateurs to looters)?”, "Human remains, archaeological remains unlike any other", and "Archaeology in the face of a management imperative: what consequences for our practice?". Two transversal papers serve as an introduction and conclusion to the volume, which starts with this editorial and is closed with a conclusion by the conference organizers.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/164
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cjb-rcb:ART
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/164
2024-03-14T16:52:47Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 34-43
Ethical Issues in Indigenous Archaeology: Problems with Difference and Collaboration
research-article
González-Ruibal, Alfredo; Institute of Heritage Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (Incipit-CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/164
The critique of archaeology made from an indigenous and postcolonial perspective has been largely accepted, at least in theory, in many settler colonies, from Canada to New Zealand. In this paper, I would like to expand such critique in two ways: on the one hand, I will point out some issues that have been left unresolved; on the other hand, I will address indigenous and colonial experiences that are different from British settler colonies, which have massively shaped our understanding of indigeneity and the relationship of archaeology to it. I am particularly concerned with two key problems: alterity – how archaeologists conceptualize difference – and collaboration – how archaeologists imagine their relationship with people from a different cultural background. My reflections are based on my personal experiences working with communities in southern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and South America that differ markedly from those usually discussed by indigenous archaeologies.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/165
2024-03-14T16:52:56Z
cjb-rcb:ART
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/165
2024-03-14T16:52:56Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 97-108
Ancient Human Remains in France: Between Objects of Science and Subjects of Law
research-article
Colleter, Rozenn; Inrap, UMR 5288 (AMIS), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Adèle, Paul-Anthelme; Faculté de droit et de sciences politiques, Université de Nantes; Laboratoire de Droit et changement social (UMR CNRS 6297), Nantes, France
2019-10-25 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/165
fr
Over the past 40 years, the increase in the number of archaeological excavations of large funeral complexes in France has led to a considerable increase in the number of human remains in the State’s excavation sites. These remains are not strictly speaking part of the archaeological material but are instead considered “scientific documentation”. On the one hand, the requirements of science necessitate the mobilization of all available techniques in order to better understand the populations that have left us these traces. On the other hand, material and cultural limitations necessarily lead to sampling techniques being seen as an efficient archaeological system. On the other hand, the mission of general interest that is archaeological research requires particular care be taken with these remains, sparing them from an overly managerial and short-term vision. The ethical virtues of archaeological excellence must not be forgotten; archaeological knowledge must be based on the requirement of scientific rigour. This primary requirement is questioned in particular by the choices made in the management of human remains collections. A second ethical requirement leads to questions about the legal or moral limits of the first. Should scientific rigour be limited in certain cases, particularly when the research involves human remains? Should remains be subject to a specific legal or ethical status that would distinguish them from other elements of archaeological material? This article addresses these questions through the prism of the study of the case of the perfectly preserved body of Louise de Quengo, a 17th century Breton noble discovered in 2014 in Rennes (France).
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/166
2024-03-14T16:52:46Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/166
2024-03-14T16:52:46Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 66-78
Alesia: The Current Instrumentalisation of an Alleged Controversy, Between National Myth and Conspiracy Theory
research-article
Vidal, Jonhattan; Département recherche, Ministère de la Culture, Paris; Laboratoire « Archéologie et Sciences de l’Antiquité » (Arscan UMR 7041), Nanterre, France
Petit, Christophe; UFR histoire de l’art et archéologie, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris; Laboratoire « Archéologie et Sciences de l’Antiquité » (Arscan UMR 7041), Nanterre, France
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/166
The siege of Alesia, a major episode of the Gallic wars, in 52 BC saw the Gallic coalition gathered around Vercingetorix fail to repel the Roman army led by Caesar. There is a strong dichotomy between the important place that this episode plays in the construction of the French national myth and the brevity of the siege, with the few visible and intelligible archaeological traces left by this type of event for the general public. These aspects contributed to the debate in the 19th century on the location of Alesia’s headquarters. This controversy emerged from the scientific field over the course of a century and a half of field research that had brought to light the remains of this episode in Alise-Sainte-Reine. However, alternative locations of the site are still being defended and this pseudo-controversy continues to receive unexpected media coverage in view of the weakness of the arguments put forward. This raises questions about the ethical issues raised by such media presentations of archaeological subjects, when they submit a scientific question to commercial considerations. Indeed, these theories seek to stick to the myth, in particular by matching a site to a preconceived idea. They also feed on the ingredients of a conspiracy theory: either by deduction, because if these locations lack evidence, it is because they are hidden by archaeologists; or as a starting point, out of mistrust of the scientific discourse referred to as “official history”. There is also an ethical question for the researcher about how to deal with these situations.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/169
2024-03-14T17:25:06Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/169
2024-03-14T17:25:06Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 73-82
Refusing care as a legal pathway to medical assistance in dying
research-article
Downie, Jocelyn; Health Law Institute, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
Bowes, Matthew J; Nova Scotia Medical Examiner Service, Halifax, Canada
2019-06-25 11:04:53
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/169
Can a competent individual refuse care in order to make their natural death reasonably foreseeable in order to qualify for medical assistance in dying (MAiD)? Consider a competent patient with left-side paralysis following a right brain stroke who is not expected to die for many years; normally his cause of death would not be predictable. However, he refuses regular turning, so his physician can predict that pressure ulcers will develop, leading to infection for which he will refuse treatment and consequently die. Is he now eligible for MAiD? Consider a competent patient with spinal stenosis (a non-fatal condition) who refuses food (but not liquids in order not to lose capacity from dehydration). Consequently, her physician can predict death from starvation. Is she now eligible for MAiD? Answering these questions requires that we answer three sub-questions: 1) do competent patients have the right to refuse care?; 2) do healthcare providers have a duty to respect such refusals?; and 3) are deaths resulting from refusals of care natural for the purposes of determining whether a patient is eligible for MAiD? If a competent patient has the right to refuse some particular care, and healthcare providers have a duty to respect that refusal, and if the death that would result from the refusal of that care is natural, then that refusal of care is a legal pathway to MAiD. However, if the competent patient does not have the right to refuse some particular care, or if healthcare providers do not have a duty to respect that refusal, or if the death that would result from the refusal of that care is not natural, then that refusal of care is not a legal pathway to MAiD. In this paper, we explore this complex legal terrain with the most profound of ethical implications – access to MAiD.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/170
2024-03-14T16:52:46Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/170
2024-03-14T16:52:46Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): Ethics in Archaeology; 201-205
Human Remains and Archaeology: The Legal Situation
other
Mathieu, Agnès; Sous-direction de l’archéologie, Service du patrimoine, Direction générale des patrimoines, Ministère de la culture, Paris
2019-11-27 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/170
The subject of human remains in archaeology is linked to ethical or societal issues that call into question the notion of “dignity” and therefore of “respect” due to the human body. In archaeological research, the “human remain” is, to a certain extent, an object of study like other archaeological objects. This normality results from the scientific nature of the process, but also from the anonymity that is most often attached to the human remains uncovered. This duality between ethics and professional deontology is logically reflected in the subject’s legal understanding. There are thus general standards in civil law or funeral law that do not specifically concern archaeology, but which may apply to some of its situations. Specific standards are needed to reconcile the ethical issues related to human remains with the scientific issues of archaeology. But defining such standards is not easy, as evidenced by recent work in France on the law on freedom of creation, architecture and heritage (LCAP).
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/173
2024-03-14T17:25:05Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/173
2024-03-14T17:25:05Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Open Issue; 97-101
Contracting Compliance: A Discussion of the Ethical Implications of Behavioural Contracts in the Rehabilitation Setting
article-commentary
Cooper, Jane; Department of Arts and Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada; Bioethics Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
Heesters, Ann; Bioethics Program, University Health Network; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Bianchi, Andria; Bioethics Program, University Health Network; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Rodrigues, Kevin; Bioethics Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Brown, Nathalie; Brain Program of Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Education, Western University, London, Canada
2019-10-23 08:23:14
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/173
The pervasive use of contracts in healthcare is a source of unease for many healthcare ethicists and patient advocates. This commentary examines the use of such contracts with individuals in rehabilitation settings who have complex medical and behavioural issues. The goals of this paper are to examine the many factors that can lead to contract use, to discuss some legal and ethical implications of contract use, and to assess contract use in light of concerns about health equity. The paper concludes with some practical alternatives to the use of such contracts, and refers specifically to tools that might be borrowed from the field of behavioural therapy.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/179
2024-03-14T21:32:03Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/179
2024-03-14T21:32:03Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Open Issue; 1-9
Memory, Neuroscience and Memory Enhancement
research-article
Alonso Fernández, Marcos; Yachay Tech University
2020-07-20 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/179
In this paper we will put forward a new and updated comprehension of memory that should also change the coordinates of the memory enhancement debate. We will argue that this new way of thinking about memory makes much less unproblematic most of the memory enhancement technologies we have or will have in the near future. To conclude, we will discuss some cases that will illustrate our previous points.
oai:ojs2.cjb-rcb.ca:article/181
2023-02-09T19:47:18Z
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https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/181
2023-02-09T19:47:18Z
Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Éthique et santé mentale; 14-23
Chemical Substances Used for Control Purposes: A Controversial Legal Status
research-article
Bernheim, Emmanuelle; Section de droit civil, Faculté de droit, Université d’Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
2020-10-30 00:00:00
The Canadian Journal of Bioethics applies the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License to all its publications. Authors therefore retain copyright of their publication, e.g., they can reuse their publication, link to it on their home page or institutional website, deposit a PDF in a public repository. However, the authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy their publication, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
url:https://cjb-rcb.ca/index.php/cjb-rcb/article/view/181
In Quebec, control measures – isolation, restraints and chemical substances – have been the subject of a legislative framework since 1998. However, since that date, chemical substances have been at the heart of a debate on their legal status, between therapy and control. In 2015, the Ministry of Health and Social Services published a revised Reference Framework that is supposed to establish guidelines for chemical substances used for control purposes. A review of this framework, however, reveals several inconsistencies, continuing an indeterminacy about their status. On the one hand, the consent exception does not correspond to the Quebec legal framework for care, suggesting that it is indeed a control measure. On the other hand, the reserved acts are the same whether the chemical substances are used for control or for therapeutic purposes, suggesting that it is in fact a therapeutic measure.
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