The Moral Permissibility of Providing Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: An Ethical Framework for Professional Practice

Auteurs-es

  • Timothy Christie Ethics Services, Horizon Health Network, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick; Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-2598

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.7202/1121333ar

Mots-clés :

aide médicale à mourir, AMM, euthanasie volontaire, suicide assisté, obligations fiduciaires, choix cruel, droits de réclamation, droits privilégiés

Langue(s) :

Anglais

Résumé

Bien que l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM) soit légalement autorisée au Canada dans des conditions légales bien définies, ce cadre juridique ne détermine pas quand il est moralement acceptable pour un professionnel de la santé de fournir une AMM. Cet article examine explicitement la distinction normative entre la pratique légale et éthique de l’AMM. Il soutient que les critères d’admissibilité liés à la médecine, tels que l’incurabilité, le déclin irréversible et la souffrance intolérable, ne fonctionnent pas comme des critères médicaux objectifs, mais présupposent et renforcent plutôt l’autonomie du patient. En conséquence, les évaluations de l’AMM sont souvent réduites à des confirmations procédurales de l’autonomie plutôt qu’à des évaluations médicales substantielles. Ainsi, l’autonomie est devenue la justification de facto de la prestation de l’AMM, même si la loi canadienne ne considère pas l’autonomie seule comme une condition suffisante.

 

 Cet article examine la structure discrétionnaire de la pratique de l’aide médicale à mourir et démontre que chaque décision de fournir une aide médicale à mourir implique un jugement normatif de la part du professionnel de la santé. Afin d’orienter ce jugement, un cadre éthique fondé sur les obligations fiduciaires des professionnels de la santé est proposé. S’appuyant sur les quatre principes fondamentaux de l’éthique des soins de santé, ce cadre stipule qu’il est moralement acceptable pour un professionnel de la santé de pratiquer l’aide médicale à mourir uniquement lorsque : 1) le patient est autonome, en termes de capacité, de volontariat et de consentement éclairé; 2) l’intervention satisfait aux principes de bienfaisance et de non-malfaisance; et 3) la demande découle d’un contexte de justice, dans lequel un état médical rend le patient incapable d’agir selon son souhait autonome de mourir sans assistance.

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Publié

2025-11-03

Comment citer

[1]
Christie T. The Moral Permissibility of Providing Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: An Ethical Framework for Professional Practice. Can. J. Bioeth 2025;8:30-44. https://doi.org/10.7202/1121333ar.